What is differece between FMC and FMBC?

I found the answer in KDDI.
FMC (Fixed and Mobile Convergence) enables a variety of services and contents anywhere, any time, regardless of different communication and access means, be if fixed or mobile.

FMBC(Fixed Mobile and Broadcast Convergence0 is referring to fixed-line and mobile communications, and broadcasting, which in KDDI’s case is CATV. More correctly, “convergence” will be achieved among services. For that reason, some people refer it instead as the “multi-screen concept.” This expresses the idea that whether customers are viewing the displays, or screens, of mobile phone handsets, PC monitors, or televisions, they will be able to access convergent services without having to think about their different communication infrastructures.

data offload for Femtocells

Data offload can directly connect to internet without going through the operators core. The speed and reliability of data offload is higher. This is because data packet is traveled through less nodes.

Femtocells provide seamless coverage and better data security. It should also be pointed out that the battery drains faster when using Wifi as compared to the mobile internet

The user is in Femtocell. He or she is already using his or her broadband data allowance.

The Femto manufacturers and the operators will have to act fast if they want their future predictions to come true.

Local IP Access (LIPA) for Femtocells

If you have LIPA support in your Home NodeB or Home eNodeB (HeNB) then once you have camped on your Femtocell then access your local network as well as the network's IP network.

For example, you can use your mobile phone to access the local printer, TV, moitor or other PC on your LAN.

There some issues for LIPA, such as Security of the data, the IP address allocation, QoS, etc.

(The key of ideal of LIPA is data offload. I will instroduce it tomorrow.)

NodeB = Wireless Base Station

参考: 3g and 4g blog.

How to avoid network choking in the future?

In the world, probably no one really knows a complete answer to this question right now? A simple answer would be to have a mix of the Macro cells, Micro cells and Femtocells with some way to offload some more traffic via WiFi.

Femtocells have been targeted generally at the residential market with developments going on for Business users as well. Another smaller Picocells and Microcells are also easily and cheaply available nowadays. With the Ad-hoc deployment of all these smaller cells. Self Organising Network s may have a big role to play.

What happens where there are multiple networks present in the same place via these smaller cells? Can the back-haul not get congested because of these multiple networks which may be lying Idle most of the time? How would these impact other services that we use on our PC's?

These questions can be easily answered if a single Microcell/Picocell/Femtocell was able to work for Multiple Networks. Practically this may not be possible right now because each network has a different Authentication and Security arrangement.

参考：3G and 4G wireless blog

Multihop Celluar Networks

Today, I read the paper about Multihop Celluar Networks (MCNs) in IEEE Communications magazine (2007.09). It is a little old paper (^~^).

MCNs incorporates ad hoc networks, while preserving the benefits of using an infrastructure. In MCNs Relay Stations can be pre-installed by network operators or simply be other idle MHs who are not transmitting their data.

The advantages fo using MCNs include capacity improved, coverage extension, network scalability, and power redution.

The important issue for MCNs is resource management. Since radio resource are allocated for routing paths, new medium access control (MAC) protocol and routing protocol can be designed.

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is healthy sector that is expanding rapidly and generating significant revenues for mobile network operators (MNOs)

The goal of M2Mitem is to:

• Provide network operators with lower operational costs when offering machine-type communication services

• Reduce the impact and effort of handling large machine-type communication groups

• Optimize network operations to minimize impact on device battery power usage

• Stimulate new machine-type communication applications by enabling operators to offer services tailored to machine-type communication requirements

参考：3G and 4G blog

Global mobile connection surpass 5 billion milestone

Industry adds 1 billion connections in 18 months; on track to reach 6 billion in H1 2012.

Over 150 operators during the period between he 4 billion and 5 billion milestones launched new networks with 233 additional networks covering all technologies launched over the last 18 months.

MVNOs were also a significant contributor to connections growth. There are now more than MVNOs in the world.